If organizational culture is so important, why do so many companies struggle to change? Role of leaders – like Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella – in challenging a company’s collective mindset.

Most CEOs recognize the power of organizational culture and the impact that it can have on the bottom line. They acknowledge the importance of shared values and behaviors that influence the way an organization conducts its business.

One extensive study by researchers at Duke University (completed before the outset of the pandemic) concluded that a strong corporate culture fosters better execution, reduction in agency cost, and therefore, higher productivity and creativity. Of the many executives surveyed, 92 percent thought that improving a firm’s culture would improve its value. But only 16 percent felt that “their firm’s culture is exactly what it should be.”

In other words, they’re telling us that it’s an important way to improve firm value, but 76 percent of them haven’t done as much as they could to improve it. So why the reluctance to undertake what would seem to be an obvious performance improvement effort?

“An organization’s culture, among other things, touches every functional department … and is often perceived as critical to its strategic direction.”

In my research on culture change, several possible explanations have arisen. For starters, consultants who provide advice on changing an organization’s culture generally estimate that the chances of success are low, typically one in three or four attempts. Those odds aren’t encouraging. But what isn’t clear in those statistics is what constitutes an attempt and what the criteria are for success or failure.

The perceived complexity of the effort may deter some effort. An organization’s culture, among other things, touches every functional department, affects assumptions about the nature of needed controls, influences the way people organize to work, and is often perceived as critical to its strategic direction.

The question fostering the widest range of opinions among those whose counsel I value is that of just how long it takes to change a culture. Among many, there is a perception that organizational culture change takes a long time, longer than the tenure of a leader, longer than the attention span of the organization—so long that other high priority initiatives by necessity will distract the organization from completing the effort. As venture capitalist John Doerr has said, “time is the enemy of transformation.”

Studies have shown that the single most important element in determining success in changing an organization’s culture is the interest, support, and even passion displayed by its leader. The quality of leadership is strongly linked to the level of employee engagement, and employee engagement (based in large part on trust) is a critical factor in achieving any kind of change.

“Are Nadella and Microsoft the exception to the rule?”

Exhibit A is CEO Satya Nadella, who is credited with leading the reshaping of Microsoft’s culture. In 2014, he found an organization that, among other things, had “lost its soul,” honored “the smartest person in the room,” fostered “know-it-alls vs. learn-it-alls,” practiced “accountability that trumped everything,” and in which “hierarchy and pecking order had taken control.” The process of changing that culture involved a classic effort to identify and implement values and behaviors that would serve the company well in an age of cloud-based computing as opposed to Microsoft’s former concentration on Word software.

Nadella feared that the organization would be perpetually distracted, but instead he completed one of the most significant culture change efforts in American corporate history in a matter of months, before organizational focus could languish.

Are Nadella and Microsoft the exception to the rule? Or has he put aside commonly (and perhaps erroneously) held beliefs and set an example for others?

https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/how-long-does-it-take-to-improve-an-organizations-culture